02－Breakfast or Lunch
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1. 一般过去式
一般过去式的句型相对于一般现在时主要是谓语动词的变化，谓语动词由动词的原形变为过去式，表示某个动作或某种状态是在过去某个时间点发生或存在.
主语 + 过去式（Past Simple）
文中句子：
- It was Sunday.
- Last Suday I got up very late
- I looked out of the window
- It was dark outside
- I made the bed last night.
- I walked to the riverbank last weekend.
- He was at the store this morning.
- They were at home last night.
2. 现在完成时
现在完成时用于表示过去发生的动作或状态，但与现在仍有联系。常常强调结果、经历或持续性。
肯定：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（Past Participle）
否定：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词
一般疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词?
特殊疑问：疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词?
文中句子：I've just arrived by train （我刚刚到）
1) 表示过去发生但对现在仍有影响的动作
- She has broken her leg. (她摔断了腿。) → 现在腿仍然是断的。
2) 表示某种经历 (常用的时间状语： ever, never, before, once, twice, three times, already)
- Have you ever been to UK? (你曾经去过英国吗？)
- I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.
3) 表示持续到现在的状态 (常和 since（自从）或 for（一段时间）连用)
- I have lived in this city for five years.(我在这座城市已经住了五年了。)
- She has worked at the company since 2021.(她自 2021 年以来一直在这家公司工作。)
4) 表示刚刚完成的动作 (过去的动作刚刚结束，通常和 just, already, yet 连用)
- I have just finished my homework
3. 现在完成时vs一般过去时
| 比较项 | 现在完成时（Present Perfect） | 一般过去时（Past Simple） |
|---|---|---|
| 时间状语 | 不具体，如 ever, never, already, yet, just, since, for | 具体的时间，如 yesterday, last week, in 2020 |
| 强调点 | 影响、经历、持续性 | 过去发生的事情，与现在无关 |
| 谓语 | 助动词have + 过去分词 | 动词过去式 |
| 示例 | I have seen that movie. (我看过那部电影。) | I saw that movie last night. (我昨晚看了那部电影。) |
4. 频率副词及短语
频度副词用于表示动作发生的频率，一般放在实义动词前或助动词/系动词后。
文中句子
- I never get up early on Sundays.
- I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
- Do you always get up so late
（1）按照频率高低分类
| 频率 | 副词 | 中文意思 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100% | always, all the time, every time | 总是 一直 | She always wakes up early. (她总是早起。) He is happy all the time. (他一直都很开心。) |
| 90-95% | almost always, nearly always | 几乎总是 | She almost always arrives on time. (她几乎总是准时到达。) |
| 80-90% | usually, normally, as a rule | 通常, 一般 | I usually go to bed at 10 PM. (我通常晚上10点睡觉。) As a rule, she drinks tea, not coffee. (通常她喝茶，不喝咖啡。) |
| 60-80% | often, frequently | 经常 | He often plays basketball. (他经常打篮球。) We frequently travel abroad. (我们经常出国旅行。) |
| 40-60% | sometimes, from time to time | 有时, 时不时 | They sometimes eat out. (他们有时会外出吃饭。) From time to time, I call my old friends. (我时不时给老朋友打电话。) |
| 20-40% | occasionally, now and then, once in a while | 偶尔 | We occasionally watch movies. (我们偶尔看电影。) Once in a while, she writes poetry. (她偶尔会写诗。) |
| 10-20% | seldom, rarely, hardly ever | 很少, 几乎不 | She seldom drinks coffee. (她很少喝咖啡。) He hardly ever gets sick. (他几乎从不生病。) |
| 0% | never, not at all | 从不, 绝不 | He never smokes. (他从不抽烟。) I don’t eat meat at all. (我根本不吃肉。) |
除了频度副词，还可以用 固定短语 表达频率：
| 表达 | 频率含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| once a day | 一天一次 | I exercise once a day. (我一天锻炼一次。) |
| twice a week | 一周两次 | She visits her parents twice a week. (她每周去看父母两次。) |
| every Monday | 每周一 | We have a meeting every Monday. (我们每周一开会。) |
| from time to time | 时不时地 | I visit my grandma from time to time. (我时不时去看奶奶。) |
5. 感叹句
感叹句用于表达强烈的情感、惊讶、赞美或惋惜，通常以 “What” 或 “How” 开头，并以感叹号 “!” 结尾。
感叹句一般有两种结构：
- What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
- How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
文中句子
What a day!(这句省略了主语+谓语 it is)
What感叹句
1. ✅ 结构：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What a beautiful day! (多美好的一天啊！)
What a clever boy he is! (他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊！)
What an interesting book! (多有趣的一本书啊！)
2. ✅ 结构：What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What wonderful friends you have! (你有多么棒的朋友啊！)
What beautiful flowers! (多美丽的花啊！)
3. ✅ 结构：What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What amazing weather! (多棒的天气啊！)
What great music they play! (他们演奏的音乐多棒啊！)
How感叹句
✅ 结构：How + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
How beautiful the sunset is! (日落多么美啊！)
How smart you are! (你多么聪明啊！)
How quickly he runs! (他跑得多快啊！)
How interesting the story is! (这个故事多么有趣啊！)